The Role of Vocational Training Institutions as Non-formal Education Center in Fostering Independence

Abstract

Globalization has reconstructed the structure and dynamics of employment globally, creating both opportunities and challenges, including in the Indonesian context. Phenomena such as labor migration and increased teleworking have affected wage structures and national employment strategies. Unequal access to education and training has widened the skills gap between countries and social groups. In this context, Indonesia faces serious challenges related to the high unemployment rate among high school and vocational school graduates, which is generally caused by a mismatch between the competencies of graduates and the needs of the world of work. This research aims to explore the role of Lembaga Pelatihan Kerja (LPK) in encouraging trainees' independence through a descriptive qualitative approach. The study was conducted at Balai Latihan Kerja (BLK) Semarang 1, involving trainees, instructors, and managers as research subjects. The results showed that the flexible training design, relevant to real needs, and empowerment-oriented succeeded in creating a transformational learning process. This approach not only improved technical skills, but also fostered trainees' psychological resilience, work ethic and social autonomy.